“App Dev: Storing Application Data in Cloud Datastore – Python”
Daftar Isi
Pengantar
Google Cloud Datastore adalah database dokumen NoSQL yang dibuat untuk penskalaan otomatis, performa tinggi, dan kemudahan pengembangan aplikasi. Di lab ini, Anda menggunakan Datastore untuk menyimpan data aplikasi untuk aplikasi Kuis online. Anda juga mengonfigurasi aplikasi untuk mengambil dari Datastore dan menampilkan data dalam kuis.
Kerangka aplikasi Kuis telah ditulis. Anda menggandakan repositori yang berisi kerangka menggunakan Google Cloud Shell, meninjau kode menggunakan editor Cloud Shell, dan melihatnya menggunakan fitur pratinjau web Cloud Shell. Anda kemudian mengubah kode yang menyimpan data untuk menggunakan Cloud Datastore.
This file contains the entrypoint for the application, and runs it on port 8080.
Select the ...quiz/_init_.py file.
This file imports routes for the web application and REST API.
Select the ...quiz/webapp/questions.py and ...quiz/webapp/routes.py file.
These files contain the routes that map URIs to handlers that display the form and collect form data posted by quiz authors in the web application.
Select the ...quiz/webapp/templates folder.
This folder contains templates for the web application user interface using Jinja2 templates.
View the ...quiz/webapp/templates/add.html file.
This file contains the Jinja2 template for the Create Question form.
Notice how there is a select list to pick a quiz, textboxes where an author can enter the question and answers, and radio buttons to select the correct answer.
Select the ...quiz/api/api.py file.
This file contains the handler that sends JSON data to students taking a test.
Use the os module to get the GCLOUD_PROJECT environment variable.
Import the datastore module from the google.cloud package.
Declare a datastore.Client client object named datastore_client.
Updated datastore.py
# TODO: Import the os module
import os
# END TODO
# TODO: Get the GCLOUD_PROJECT environment variable
project_id = os.getenv('GCLOUD_PROJECT')
# END TODO
from flask import current_app
# TODO: Import the datastore module from the google.cloud package
from google.cloud import datastore
# END TODO
# TODO: Create a Cloud Datastore client object
# The datastore client object requires the Project ID.
# Pass through the Project ID you looked up from the
# environment variable earlier
datastore_client = datastore.Client(project_id)
# END TODO
Write code to create a Cloud Datastore entity
Still in ...quiz/gcp/datastore.py, move to the save_question() function and remove the existing pass placeholder statement. Add the following datastore.py – save_question() function code listed below to perform the following:
Use the Datastore client object to create a key for a Datastore entity whose kind is 'Question'.
Use Datastore to create a Datastore question entity with the key.
Iterate over the items in the dictionary of values supplied from the Web application form.
In the body of the loop, assign each key and value to the Datastore entity object.
"""
Create and persist and entity for each question
The Datastore key is the equivalent of a primary key in a relational database.
There are two main ways of writing a key:
1. Specify the kind, and let Datastore generate a unique numeric id
2. Specify the kind and a unique string id
"""
def save_question(question):
# TODO: Create a key for a Datastore entity
# whose kind is Question
key = datastore_client.key('Question')
# END TODO
# TODO: Create a Datastore entity object using the key
q_entity = datastore.Entity(key=key)
# END TODO
# TODO: Iterate over the form values supplied to the function
for q_prop, q_val in question.items():
# END TODO
# TODO: Assign each key and value to the Datastore entity
q_entity[q_prop] = q_val
# END TODO
# TODO: Save the entity
datastore_client.put(q_entity)
# END TODO
Run the application and create a Cloud Datastore entity
Save the ...quiz/gcp/datastore.py file and then return to the Cloud Shell command prompt.
To run the application, execute the following command:
python run_server.py
In Cloud Shell, click Web preview > Preview on port 8080 to preview the quiz application.
Click Create Question.
Complete the form with the following values, and then click Save.
Return to the Console, click Navigation menu > Datastore > Entities.
Retrieve Cloud Datastore entities
In the code editor, in the ...quiz/gcp/datastore.py file, remove the code for the list_entities(quiz, redact) function and replace it with a query that:
Retrieves Question entities for a specific quiz from Cloud Datastore.
Uses the Datastore client to fetch the query, and uses the returned data to create a list.
Enumerate the list of items, and promote each entity’s Key identifier to a top level property.
Return the results.
Replace this code:
"""
Returns a list of question entities for a given quiz
- filter by quiz name, defaulting to gcp
- no paging
- add in the entity key as the id property
- if redact is true, remove the correctAnswer property from each entity
"""
def list_entities(quiz='gcp', redact=True):
return [{'quiz':'gcp', 'title':'Sample question', 'answer1': 'A', 'answer2': 'B', 'answer3': 'C', 'answer4': 'D', 'correctAnswer': 1, 'author': 'Nigel'}]
"""
With this code:
"""
Returns a list of question entities for a given quiz
- filter by quiz name, defaulting to gcp
- no paging
- add in the entity key as the id property
- if redact is true, remove the correctAnswer property from each entity
"""
def list_entities(quiz='gcp', redact=True):
query = datastore_client.query(kind='Question')
query.add_filter('quiz', '=', quiz)
results =list(query.fetch())
for result in results:
result['id'] = result.key.id
if redact:
for result in results:
del result['correctAnswer']
return results
"""
Run the application and test the Cloud Datastore query
In Cloud Shell, press Ctrl+c to stop the application, then restart the application:
python run_server.py
Preview the quiz: If the browser running the quiz is still open, reload the browser. Otherwise, click Web preview > Preview on port 8080.
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